There is a settlement of people here. Guest-rest houses have been built far and wide. The Buddhists hold this place in great reverence, for it was here that the Buddha first delivered his teachings. Men and women from all over the globe come here. The place has now become exceedingly beautiful. The old, nearly ruined stupas have been completely rebuilt. The second notable place is Assi, across from the Kashi Vishwavidyalaya (Benares Hindu University). Its expanse now stretches much farther than before. The old schools and the home-schools of the pandits no longer exist, yet this has not caused any decline in the spread of learning. The study and teaching of all disciplines are now conducted in the Kashi Vishwavidyalaya in a manner even more systematic than before. It is counted among the highest-ranking universities of the world. It is especially renowned for its literature and philosophy.

The capital of the Kashi province is Banaras. Wheat cultivation and the orchards of mango, guava, and jujube are abundant here. Especially in the district of Banaras, the aforementioned fruits are found in great quantity.

In addition, a great deal of sugar is produced in this province. The number of canals has increased since earlier times, but the population has decreased.

Indraprastha, Vatsa, Panchala, Surasena, Matsya, and Kuru are independent republics. Many of the principalities from the twentieth century are now included within Surasena and Matsya. There remains no trace of those former principalities. The capital of India is Delhi; however, the city itself has a population of only fifty thousand. In cleanliness and beauty, it has greatly surpassed its former state. The old buildings are preserved in excellent condition. Wheat, sugar, and ghee are sent from here to other places as well. Towards the Terai region, there are many villages dedicated to paper-making.

In Punjab and Kashmir, too, there are many democracies. The capital of one is Lahore. The Takshashila University has regained its ancient glory. Its fame in the science of Ayurveda is spread throughout the world. Besides wheat, other grains, and sugar, this land produces a great quantity of dried fruits. In the northern mountainous regions, there are many villages of shepherds. There are many large factories for woolen cloth. In this region as well, there are many places for the generation of electricity.

Rajasthan. In this are included all the lands of the former Rajput principalities.

The greatest transformation, apart from the unification of numerous principalities, is the conversion of the desert into lush green plains. The great canal of Sindh, by cooling the parched, sand-burnt heart of Bikaner that once thirsted for water, has brought about this change. Ajmer is its capital.

Sindh. The produce here is abundant in both fruits and grains. The capital is Karachi, a major hub for both ships and aircraft. From here, I traveled to Saurashtra, Gujarat, Malwa, Vidarbha, and Maharashtra. In all three, cotton is cultivated extensively. There are many large textile mills. The old Hyderabad principality has now been divided into